1. Sine (sin)
The ratio of the side opposite an angle to the hypotenuse in a right triangle.
sin(θ) = opposite_side / hypotenuse
Sine values for special angles:
- sin(0°) = 0
- sin(30°) = 1/2
- sin(45°) = √2/2
- sin(60°) = √3/2
- sin(90°) = 1
2. Cosine (cos)
The ratio of the adjacent side of an angle to the hypotenuse in a right triangle.
cos(θ) = adjacent_side / hypotenuse
Cosine values for special angles:
- cos(0°) = 1
- cos(30°) = √3/2
- cos(45°) = √2/2
- cos(60°) = 1/2
- cos(90°) = 0
3. Tangent (tan)
The ratio of sine to cosine, or the ratio of the opposite side to the adjacent side.
tan(θ) = sin(θ) / cos(θ) = opposite_side / adjacent_side
Tangent values for special angles:
- tan(0°) = 0
- tan(30°) = 1/√3 = √3/3
- tan(45°) = 1
- tan(60°) = √3
- tan(90°) = undefined
4. Cotangent (cot)
The ratio of cosine to sine, or the reciprocal of tangent.
cot(θ) = cos(θ) / sin(θ) = adjacent_side / opposite_side
Cotangent values for special angles:
- cot(0°) = undefined
- cot(30°) = √3
- cot(45°) = 1
- cot(60°) = 1/√3 = √3/3
- cot(90°) = 0